MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL

410/420 Stainless Steel Bar UNS S41000/UNS S42000

440b Stainless SteelStainless steel 410/420, also known as UNS S41000 and UNS S42000, is considered a basic martensitic stainless steel. Comprised of 11.5% to 13.5% chromium and iron, along with trace amounts of other elements including carbon, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur. After heat treatment, Stainless Steel 410 exhibits high mechanical properties, it is magnetic in both hardened and annealed conditions. Upon specification, Stainless Steel 410 can be delivered in a hardened, yet still machinable state for uses where moderate corrosion resistance and high strength are required. Stainless Steel 410 reaches maximum corrosion resistance when hardened, tempered and polished. It can be welded using most common welding methods, hot worked between 2000° F and 2200° F, as well as, cold formed and annealed. Because of all of these traits it is widely considered the “general purpose grade” of stainless steel.

UNS S42000, commonly known as Stainless Steel 420 is the high carbon content version of Stainless Steel 410. Corrosion resistance is similar between the two, but Stainless Steel 420 additionally provides increased strength and hardness. Like Stainless Steel 410 it is also considered a “general purpose grade” including at least 12% chromium, which is enough to give it acceptable corrosion resistance. Typically, Stainless Steel 420 achieves its best corrosion resistance when the alloy is hardened and polished, or surface ground.

Industries that use 410 & 420 include:

• Automotive
• Dental/Medical
• Electrical
• Food processing
• Forging
• Petrochemical
• Tool
• Tractor

Products partially or completely constructed of 410 & 420 include:

• Bearings
• Bushings
• Cutlery
• Dies
• Fasteners
• Hand tools
• Plastic molds
• Pump shafts
• Screens
• Steam/Gas
• Surgical instruments
• Turbine blades
• Valves/Valve components

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AISI 422 / S42200 / 1.4935 SS 422 Stainless Steel Bar

Stainless Steel Bars, Steel ManufacturersAlloy 422 is a hardenable stainless steel designed for use at temperatures of up to 1200ºF (649ºC). Alloy 422 has good resistance to scaling and oxidation. Through heat treatment, high mechanical properties can be developed. Alloy 422 is used in applications such as compressors or steam turbines and also in aircraft parts, valves, high temperature bolting etc.

Specifications

UNS - S42200

AISI - 616

AMS - 5655

ASTM A 565

GRD 616

DOD F 24669/7

MIL S 861

Availability

Alloy 422 is available as Bar (Round, Shapes)

Typical Mechanical Properties (Room Temperature)

Alloy 422
Test Temperature	Yield Strength 0.2%MPa	Ultimate Tensile Strength MPa	% Elongation	% Reduction of Area
Alloy 422	862	1027	18.5	52

Mechanical properties

AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) Mechanical properties,Our production completely according to the AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) standards to meet the AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) mechanical performance, can also according to the customer request, to meet the requirements of customers of AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) mechanical properties.

Heat treatment

AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) Heat treatment,Our production completely according to the AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) standards to meet the AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) Heat treatment, can also according to the customer request, to meet the requirements of customers of AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) Heat treatment.

Machining

AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) Machining,Our production completely according to the AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) standards to meet the AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) Machining, can also according to the customer request, to meet the requirements of customers of AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) Machining.

Welding performance

AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) Welding performance,Our production completely according to the AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) standards to meet the AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) Welding performance, can also according to the customer request, to meet the requirements of customers of AISI Type 422 (DIN 1.4935) Welding performance.

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AISI 431 / S43100/ 1.4057 SS 431 STAINLESS STEEL BARS

440 Stainless Steel, Stainless Steel 440b Round Bar431 is a high chromium-low nickel high hardenability Martensitic stainless steel with high strength and good corrosion resistance, as generally supplied hardened and tempered in the tensile range 850 - 1000 Mpa (condition T) Brinell range 248 - 302. Characterised by very good corrosion resistance in general atmospheric corrosive environments, good resistance to mild marine and industrial atmospheres, resistant to many organic materials, nitric acid and petroleum products coupled with high tensile and high yield strength plus excellent toughness in the hardened and tempered condition.

431 due to its excellent hardenability is capable of being through hardened up to Rc44, depending upon carbon content and section size. Small sections can be air cooled and larger sections oil quenched for maximum through hardness. Pre hardened and tempered 431 will also respond readily to nitriding achieving a typical surface hardness of over Rc65. The nitriding process however reduces the corrosion resistance and is therefore not generally recommended except for critical applications where the benefit outweighs all other considerations. Used extensively for parts requiring a combination of high tensile strength, good toughness and good corrosion resistant properties.

This heat treatable martensitic, nickel-bearing grade has the best corrosion resistance properties of all the martensitic grades. It has excellent tensile and torque strength, and good toughness, making it ideally suited to shafting and bolt applications. It can be hardened to approximately 40HRC. Because of its high yield strength, this grade is not readily cold worked and is therefore not recommended for use in operations such as cold heading, bending, deep drawing or spinning. Martensitic stainless steels are optimised for high hardness, and other properties are to some degree compromised. Fabrication must be by methods that allow for poor weldability and usually also allow for a final harden and temper heat treatment. Corrosion resistance is generally lower than the common austenitic grades, and their useful operating temperature range is limited by their loss of ductility at sub-zero temperatures and loss of strength by over-tempering at elevated temperatures.

Corrosion Resisting Alloy 4S80 / 5S80 / 6S80 7S80

Specification

• AISI 431
• T431 SS
• UNS S43100 AMS2303
• AMS-5628 HI SHEAR #115 (CHEM ONLY)
• AMS-S-18732
• ASTM-A-276
• DMS-1565 EXC. SONIC
• MIL-S-18732
• QQS-763 EXC HARDNESS & IZOD

Heat Treatment of Stainless 431

Process anneal at 1150° to 1225°F (621° to 663°C) before air cooling

Harden by heating to 1800° to 1950°F (982° to 1066°C) for 30 minutes, then oil quench

Temper by heating to 400° to 1200°F (204° to 649°C), then air cool

Heat to 800° to 1700°F (427° to 927°C) to help eliminate stress corrosion cracking.

Avoid intergranular corrosion by performing stress relief from 450° to 750°F (232° to 399°C)

Applications of Stainless 431

• Marine components
• Aircraft Parts and Components
• Bolts and Nuts
• Fasteners
• Pump Shafts
• Propeller Shafts
• Studs
• Valve Parts etc.

Machinability of Stainless 431

• Carbide tools recommended
• Machine with carbide tools at higher speeds than high-speed tools

Workability of Stainless 431

• Forge and hot form from 1500° to 2150°F (816° to 1177°C)
• Easy to cold work sheet and small bars
• Extreme flanging and bending of heavy pieces at 1350° to 1550°F (732° to 843°C)

431 S43100 431S29 1.4057 X17CrNi16-2 2321 SUS 431

These comparisons are approximate only. The list is intended as a comparison of functionally similar materials not as a schedule of contractual equivalents. If exact equivalents are needed original specifications must be consulted.

Table 1. Composition ranges for 440 grade stainless steels.

Mechanical Properties

Table 2. Mechanical properties of 440C grade stainless steels.

Physical Properties

Table 3. Typical physical properties for 440 grade stainless steels.

Grade Specification Comparison

Table 4. Grade specifications for 440 grade stainless steels.

Possible Alternative Grades

Table 5. Possible alternative grades to 440 stainless steel.

440A / 440B / 440C ROUND BAR

Stainless Steel Bars, Steel Manufacturers440c / 1.4125 / 4125 Stainless Steel. In the highly competitive world of manufacturing, sourcing high quality materials is essential. sagar steels, specialize in 'no-compromise' manufacturing using state of the art CNC equipment. We are also the India's largest independent stockholder of hot work tool steels. From the experience gained in buying high quality tool steel, Intoco have added a further steel to their range, this being a Chromium martensitic steel called 440C/1.4125/4125 Stainless Steel. Its very high carbon content is responsible for these characteristics, which makes 440C/1.4125/4125 particularly suited to such applications as ball bearings, rollers and valve parts. Din 1.4125 - X105CrMo17. AISI 440c AMS 5618/5630 UNS S44004 AFNOR Z100CD17 JIS SUS 440C UNI X102CrMo17 KU/X105CrMo17. 440C/1.4125/4125 Stainless Steel at sagar steels now hold stock in rolled/forged bar that can be cut to length as required. We now also accept customer make to order in grade aisi - 440c /din - 1.4125 / en - 4125 / uns - 440044

One of the preferred option for metal alloys chosen by almost all industries is 440C bars. These products are capable to sustain the hardness, toughness, and strength and resistance power after heat treatment given for a long time. Due to the presence of carbon content at a greater extent in these products, they exhibit excellent mechanical characteristics and are well suited for the applications as ball bearings and valve parts.

The main and single difference between 440A & 440B is in the amount of carbon content (0.60 - 0.75% and 0.75 - 0.95% respectively), the latter have lower attainable hardness but higher corrosion resistance. Although all three versions of this grade are standard grades, in practice 440C is more available than the A or B variants

Corrosion Resistance

Good resistance to the atmosphere, fresh water, foods, alkalies and mild acids. Best resistance in the hardened and tempered and passivated condition. A smooth polished surface also assists. The corrosion resistance of grade 440C approximates that of grade 304 in many environments.

Heat Resistance

Not recommended for use in temperatures above the relevant tempering temperature, because of reduction in mechanical properties by over-tempering.

Heat Treatment

Annealing - Full anneal - 850-900°C, slow furnace cool to about 600°C and then air cool. Sub-critical Annealing - 735-785°C and slow furnace cool.

Hardening - Heat to 1010-1065°C, followed by quenching in warm oil or air. Oil quenching is necessary for heavy sections. Immediately temper at 150-370°C to obtain a wide variety of hardness values and mechanical properties as indicated in the accompanying table.

Tempering in the range 425-565°C is to be avoided because of reduced impact resistance and corrosion resistance. Tempering in the range 590-675°C results in lower hardness (the product become machinable) and high impact resistance.

Welding

If welding is necessary pre-heat at 250°C and follow welding with a full anneal. Grade 420 filler will give a high hardness weld (although not as high as the 440C), but 309 or 310 will produce soft welds with higher ductility.

Machining

In the annealed condition this grade is relatively easily machined; approximately the same as for high speed steel. Chips are tough and stringy so chip breakers are important. If these grades are hardened machining becomes more difficult and probably impossible.

Applications

• Typical applications include:
• Rolling element bearings
• Valve seats
• High quality knife blades
• Surgical instruments
• Chisels.

17-4 Stainless Steel Bar

AISI 660 / UNS S17400 / 17-4 PH

Stainless Steel Bars, Stainless Steel 44017-4 stainless steel bar, also known as UNS S17400, 17-4 PH and Grade 630, is one of the original precipitation hardened grades developed in the 50's. Primarily comprised of 17% chromium, 4% nickel, 4% copper, with the balance being iron. There are also trace amounts of manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, columbium (or niobium) and tantalum. Stainless Steel 17-4 PH delivers an excellent combination of oxidation and corrosion resistance. Other characteristics include high strength, toughness, and quality mechanical properties at temperatures up to 600° F. Engineers and designers frequently choose Stainless Steel 17-4 PH due to its high strength and superior corrosion resistance when compared to many other stainless steels.

Stainless Steel 17-4 PH can be forged, welded and formed. Machining may be formed in the solution-annealed state, or in the final heat treat condition. Desired mechanical properties such as ductility and strength can be achieved through heating the material at various temperatures.

Corrosion Resisting Alloy AMS 5643

Industries that use 17-4 PH include:

• Aerospace
• Chemical
• Food processing
• General metal working
• Paper industries
• Petrochemical
• Petroleum