ASTM B 409, B 408, B 407, B 564

Other common names: Alloy 800, Alloy 800H/HT

Inconel 800 is an iron-nickel-chromium alloy having sufficient resistance to carburization and oxidation at high temperatures as well as moderate strength. It is especially useful for high-temperature equipment in the petrochemical industry since the alloy doesn't form the embrittling sigma phase after long time exposure at 1200°F. Another important feature of Inconel 800 is excellent resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking.

Alloy 800H is a solution heat treated (2100°F), controlled-carbon version of Alloy 800 with improved elevated temperature properties. It has high creep and stress-rupture characteristics in the 1100°F to 1800°F temperature range.

Incoloy 800 is primarily used in applications with temperatures up to 1100° F, where alloys 800H and 800HT are normally used in temperatures above 1100° F where resistance to creep and rupture is required. The chemical balance allows the nickel steel alloy to exhibit excellent resistance to carburization, oxidation and nitriding atmospheres. Incoloy 800HT will not become embrittled even after long periods of usage in the 1200-1600° F range where many stainless steels become brittle. Excellent cold forming characteristics typically associated with the nickel-chromium alloys are exhibited with 800HT. When cold formed extensively the grain size produces a visibly undulated surface called “orange peel”. Incoloy 800HT can be welded by the common techniques used on stainless steels.

In what forms is Incoloy® 800H/HT available at SAGAR STEELS?

• Sheet
• Plate
• Bar
• Pipe & Tube (welded & seamless)
• Fittings (i.e. flanges, slip-ons, blinds, weld-necks, lapjoints, long welding necks, socket welds, elbows, tees, stub-ends, returns, caps, crosses, reducers, and pipe nipples)
• Wire

What are the characteristics of Incoloy 800H/HT?

• High temperature strength
• High creep rupture strength
• Resistant to oxidation and carburization in high temperature environments
• Good corrosion resistance in many acidic environments
• Good resistance to many sulfur-containing atmospheres

Specifications

Inconel 800, Incoloy 800

AMS 5871, ASTM B409, AMS 5877, BS 3072NA15, BS 3073NA15, DIN 17460, EN 10028-7, EN 10095

Stock Size: Thickness: 0.025"~3.00"

Width & Length: 36" X 120" or 48" X 144"

Inconel 800, Incoloy 800 Tubing

Standards: ASTM-B-163, ASTM-B-407, ASTM-B-514, ASTM B829, ASTM-B-775, ASTM-B-515, ASTM-B-751, BS3 3074NA15, ISO 6207, DIN 17459

Stock Size: OD 1/16"~3", Wall: 0.010"~0.250", Length: 17'/24' FT R/L

3/8" OD x 0.049" Wall x 20 FT

1/4" OD x 0.049" Wall x 20 FT

Inconel 800, Incoloy 800 Pipe

Standards:ASTM-B-514, ASTM B829, ASTM B775, ASTM B515, ASTM B751, BS3 3074NA15, ISO 6207, DIN 17459

Stock Size: 1/4" sch 10 to 16" sch 80

Inconel 800, Incoloy 800 Bar

Standards: AMS 5766, ASTM-B-408, ASME-B-408, ISO 9723, ISO 9724, BS 3076NA15, BS 3075NA15, EN 10095

Stock Size: 1/4" Diameter to 3" Diameter

       

Alloy 800 (UNS N08800) Chemical Composition, %

Alloy 800H (UNS N08810) Chemical Composition, %

Alloy 800HT (UNS N08811) Chemical Composition, %

*Note that the chemical composition of Incoloy 800HT will always be within the limits of Incoloy 800H.

*Note the limits of Incoloy 800H may or may not be within the limits of Incoloy 800HT.

In what applications is Incoloy 800H/HT used?

• Ethylene furnace quench boilers
• Hydrocarbon cracking
• Valves, fittings and other components exposed to corrosive attack from 1100-1800° F
• Industrial furnaces
• Heat-treating equipment
• Chemical and petrochemical processing
• Super-heater and re-heaters in power plants
• Pressure vessels
• Heat exchangers
• Heat exchangers and process piping
• Carburizing fixtures and retorts
• Furnace components
• Electric range heating-element sheathing
• Extruded tubing for ethylene and steam methane reforming furnaces
• Ammonia effluent coolers.

       

Alloys 800H/HT are used in a variety of applications involving exposure to corrosive environments and high temperatures such as heat treating equipment, chemical and petrochemical processing, nuclear power plants and the paper pulp industry. Heat-treating equipment such as baskets, trays, and fixtures employ Incoloy 800H/HT. Chemical and petrochemical processing industries use the alloys for heat exchangers and other piping systems in nitric acid media especially where resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking is required. Power plants use them for super-heater and re-heater tubing.

For information on machining, click here.

ASTM Specifications

Mechanical Properties
Typical room temperature Tensile Properties of Annealed Material

Capabilities

• Same Day/ Next Day Shipping
• Fast and Reliable Delivery Services
• Stocking Program for Long Term Contract
• Just In Time Program and Consignment Program
• Worldwide Supplier to Fortune 500 Companies
• Small and Medium-Sized Businesses
• US Government Agencies

---

INCOLOY® 825 / N08825

Other common names: Alloy 825

Incoloy 825 is a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with additions of molybdenum and copper. This nickel steel alloy’s chemical composition is designed to provide exceptional resistance to many corrosive environments. It is similar to alloy 800 but has improved resistance to aqueous corrosion. It has excellent resistance to both reducing and oxidizing acids, to stress-corrosion cracking, and to localized attack such as pitting and crevice corrosion. Alloy 825 is especially resistant to sulfuric and phosphoric acids. This nickel steel alloy is used for chemical processing, pollution-control equipment, oil and gas well piping, nuclear fuel reprocessing, acid production, and pickling equipment.

Relevant Standards

Inconel 825 is covered by the following standards:

• BS 3076 NA 16
• ASTM B425

Equivalent Materials

Inconel 825 is the tradename of Special Metals Group of Companies and equivalent to:

• W.NR 2.4858
• UNS N08825
• AWS 022

    

In what forms is Incoloy 825 available at SAGAR STEELS ?

• Sheet
• Plate
• Bar
• Pipe & Tube (welded & seamless)
• Fittings (i.e. flanges, slip-ons, blinds, weld-necks, lapjoints, long welding necks, socket welds, elbows, tees, stub-ends, returns, caps, crosses, reducers, and pipe nipples)

Chemical Composition of Inconel 825

The compositional range for Inconel 825 is provided in the table below.

Element	Content
Ni	38 - 46 %
Fe	22 % min
Cr	19.5 - 23.5%
Mo	2.5 - 3.5 %
Cu	1.5 3 %
Ti	0.6 - 1.2 %

    

Availability :
Alloy 825 is available as round / flat / sheet / hexagonal / plate/ square / coil / pipe & fittings.

    

Typical Properties of Inconel 825

Typical properties of Inconel 825 are covered in the following table.

Property	Metric	Imperial
Density	8.14 g/cm3	0.294 lb/in3
Melting point	1400°C	2550°F
Co-Efficient of Expansion	14.0 µm/m.°C (20-100 °C)	7.8x10-6 in/in.°F (70-212 °F)
Modulus of rigidity	75.9 kN/mm2	11009 ksi
Modulus of elasticity	196 kN/mm2	28428 ksi

    

Properties of Supplied Materials and Heat Treated Materials

Condition of Supply	Heat Treatment (After Forming)
Spring Temper/Spring Temper	Stress relieve at 450 - 470°C (840 - 880°F) for 30-60 minutes and air cool.
Condition	Approx Tensile Strength		Approx Service Temp.
Annealed	600 - 800 N/mm2	87 -116 ksi	-100° to +250°C	-145° to +480°F
Spring Temper	800 - 1000 N/mm2	116 - 159 ksi	-100° to +250°C	-145° to +480°F

     

Applications of Inconel 825

Inconel 825 typically finds application in:

• Chemical Processing
• Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing
• Acid Production
• Pickling Equipment

Corrosion Resistance

Alloy 825 has a high level of corrosion resistance. It resists general corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, and stress-corrosion cracking in both reducing and oxidizing environments.

---

ASTM A 265, B 366, B 463
B 464, B 471, B 472, B 473
B 474, B 475
NACE MR0175

   

Other common names: Carpenter 20, 20Cb-3®, Incoloy® alloy 20Alloy 20, also known as Carpenter 20, is a nickel-iron-chromium austenitic alloy that was developed for maximum resistance to acid attack, specifically sulfuric acid. This superalloy has excellent resistance to general corrosion, pitting, and crevice corrosion in chemicals containing chlorides and sulfuric, phosphoric, and nitric acids. It also contains niobium for stabilization against sensitization and resultant intergranular corrosion. Carpenter 20 combines excellent corrosion resistance with elevated mechanical properties and relatively easy fabrication. Although originally designed for use in sulfuric acid related industries, Alloy 20 is now a popular choice for a wide variety of industries including the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, and plastics industries. In addition, this superalloy is used in heat exchangers, mixing tanks, metal cleaning and pickling equipment, and piping.

There has long been a debate on whether Carpenter 20 is a stainless steel or a nickel alloy because the nickel content is right on the border of defining it as one way or the other. So, depending on who you talk to this alloy may be referred to as alloy 20 Stainless Steel or as a nickel alloy. Either way it is still great for corrosion resistance.

ASTM Specifications

Pipe Smls	Pipe Welded	Tube Smls	Tube Welded	Sheet/Plate	Bar	Forging	Fitting
B729	B464	B729	B468	B463	B473	B462	B366

Availability :
Alloy 20 is available as round / flat / sheet / hexagonal / plate/ square / coil / pipe & fittings.

   

Chemical Composition, %

Ni	Fe	Cr	Cu	Mo	Nb
32.00-38.00	Balance	19.0-21.0	3.0-4.0	2.0-3.0	8xC-1.0max

   

C	Mn	P	S	Si
.07max	2.0max	.045max	.035max	1.0max

   

Oxidation Resistance

The introduction of small amounts (<7%) of chromium to nickel increase the sensitivity of the alloy to oxidation. This is because the diffusion rate of oxygen in the scale is increased. This trend reverses after addition levels increase above 7% chromium and increases up to an addition level of approximately 30%. Above this level, there is little change.

Oxidation resistance can be attributed to the formation of a highly adherent protective scale. The adherence and coherence of the scale can be improved by the addition of small amounts of other reactive elements such as zirconium, silicon, cerium, calcium or similar. The scale thus formed is a mixture of nickel and chrome oxides (NiO and Cr₂O₃). These combine to form nickel chromite (NiCr₂O₄), which has a spinel-type structure.

   

In what forms is Alloy 20 Available at SAGAR STEELS?

• Sheet
• Plate
• Bar
• Pipe & Tube (welded & seamless)
• Fittings (i.e. flanges, slip-ons, blinds, weld-necks, lapjoints, long welding necks, socket welds, elbows, tees, stub-ends, returns, caps, crosses, reducers, and pipe nipples)
• Wire

While the compositional changes have a negligible effect on mechanical properties, higher additions of reactive elements tend to prevent flaking of the scale during cyclic heating and cooling. This effect is less of an issue with continuously operating heating elements, so addition levels do not need to be as high.

The binary 90/10 Ni/Cr alloy is also used for heating elements, and has a maximum operating temperature of 1100°C. Other uses for this alloy are thermocouples.

Thermocouples

The 90/10 Ni/Cr alloy is commonly used in thermocouples, in conjunction with a 95/5 Ni/Al alloy. This combination is called chromel-alumel, and similar to heating elements has a maximum operating temperature of 1100°C. This couple becomes susceptible to drift in the region of 1000°C due to preferential oxidation after prolonged usage. The addition of silicon has been found to overcome this effect. Commercial grades include Nicrosil (containing 14% Cr and 1.5% Si) and Nisil (containing 4.5% Si and 0.1% Mg).

Wear Resistant Alloys

Wear mechanisms are complex, but high hardness and good corrosion resistance contribute to good wear resistance. Ni/Cr alloys provide an economical alternative to materials such as weld deposited cobalt-chrome alloys with additions of carbon and tungsten which are commonly used wear resistant applications. An example of a Ni/Cr alloy for this type of application is 8-12% Cr, 0.3-1.0% C, 3-4% Si, 1.5-2.5% B, 1-4% Fe and the balance Ni. A coating of this material deposited by inert gas shielded arc techniques would be in the range 40-50 Rockwell C.

High Temperature Corrosion Resistant Alloys

The 80/20 Ni/Cr alloy is often used for wrought and cast parts for high temperature applications, as it has better oxidation and hot corrosion resistance compared to cheaper iron-nickel-chromium alloys. This alloy is highly suited to applications that are subject to oxidation.

In applications where fuel ashes, and/or deposits such as alkali metal salts such as sulphates are encountered, higher chromium content alloys are more suitable. This is because fuel ashes react with the oxide scale. Ashes containing vanadium are particularly aggressive in the respect and have a fluxing effect on the scale, increasing the susceptibility of the alloy to attack by oxidation.

In sulphur containing environments, chromium sulphide (Cr₂S₃, melting point 1550°C) is formed preferentially to nickel sulphide. Formation of nickel sulphide is preferred as this hinders the formation of the nickel/nickel-sulphide eutectic which has a low melting point. Eventually, local chromium supplies can be exhausted, leaving sulphur to react with nickel to form the low melting point eutectic compound, leading to liquid phase attack. Alloys that have suffered this form of attack have wart-like growths on their surface. Due to the preferential formation of chromium sulphides, it follows that higher chromium containing alloys are more resistant to this type of attack.

Nickel/chromium alloys containing more than 30% chromium have a two phase structure which consists of α-chromium and γ-nickel. The α-chromium phase brittle and hence the alloy decreases in ductility with increasing chromium content. Properties for some binary alloys are given in table 2. The addition of about 1.5% niobium induces improved strength and ductility, while at the same time reducing embrittlement after high temperature exposure provided impurities such as carbon, nitrogen and silicon are controlled.

Tensile and ductility properties for some Ni/Cr alloys at room temperature.

Alloys with chromium contents up to approximately 35% are suitable for hot working. Above this level, they are generally only suited to casting. Some ductility gains can be achieved by the addition of zirconium or titanium. Inconel 671, (containing 48% Cr and 0.35% Ti is such an alloy and is used in applications including duplex tubing for coal-fired superheating tubing.

---

NICKEL 200 / 201 UNS N02200 / N02201

Nickel 200 and Nickel 201 are solid solution strengthened, commercially pure wrought materials with good mechanical properties over a wide range of temperatures and excellent resistance to many corrosives, in particular hydroxides. Nickel 201 was a modification of 200 to control carbon (.02 max) which keeps it from being embrittled by intergranular precipitates at temperatures of 600° F to 1400° F in many processes. Typically, the elemental restrictions of both, nickel 200 and nickel 201, are combined into one, dual-certified chemistry resulting in a single alloy with the desired characteristics of both alloys, Nickel 200/201.

 

Nickel 200/201 ASTM Specifications

 

Other Designations

Other designations that are equivalent to nickel 200 alloy include the following:

• ASME SB-160 - SB-163
• DIN 17740
• DIN 17750-17754
• BS 3072-3076
• ASTM B 160 - B 163
• ASTM B 725
• ASTM B 730

Availability :
Alloy 200/201 is available as round / flat / sheet / hexagonal / plate/ square / coil / pipe & fittings.

 

Chemical Composition

The chemical composition Nickel 200 alloy is outlined in the following table.

Element	Content (%)
Nickel, Ni	≥ 99
Iron, Fe	≤ 0.40
Manganese, Mn	≤ 0.35
Silicon, Si	≤ 0.35
Copper, Cu	≤ 0.25
Carbon, C	≤ 0.15
Sulfur, S	≤ 0.010

Physical Properties

The following table shows the physical properties of Nickel 200 alloy.

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Density	8.89 g/cm3	0.321 lb/in3
Melting point	1435-1446°C	2615-2635°F

Mechanical Properties
Room Temperature properties of Various Products

 

Electrical Electronic Nickel Properties

 

Electrical Electronic Nickel Physical Properties
Nickel Grade		Nickel 200	Nickel 201	Nickel 205	Nickel 233
Density	lb/cu in	0.321	0.321	0.321	0.321
Specific Gravity		8.89	8.89	8.89	8.89
Curie Temp	°F	680	680	680	680
	°C	360	360	360	360
Melting Point	°F	2624	2624	2624	2624
	°C	1440	1440	1440	1440
Electrical Resistivity	Micro-ohm-cm	8.5	8.5	9.5	7.7
	ohm-cir mil/ft	51	51	57	46
Thermal Conductivity	W/cm °C	0.79	0.79	0.75	0.81
	BTU-in/sq. ft-hr-	550	550	520	565
Specific Heat	Cal/g- °C	0.108	0.108	0.108	0.108
	BTU/lbm- °F	0.108	0.108	0.108	0.108
Thermal Expansion	ppm / °F (212°F)	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2
	ppm / °C (100°C)	13	13	13	13

 

 

Thermal Properties

The thermal properties of Nickel 200 alloy are given in the following table

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Thermal expansion co-efficient (@20-100°C/68-212°F)	13.3 µm/m°C	7.39 µin/in°F
Thermal conductivity	70.2 W/mK	487 BTU.in/hrft².°F

Fabrication and Heat Treatment

Nickel 200 alloy can be shaped through all hot working and cold working practices. The alloy can be hot worked between 649°C (1200°F) and 1232°C (2250°F), with heavy forming carried out at temperatures above 871°C (1600°F). Annealing is performed at temperature between 704°C (1300°F) and 871°C (1600°F).

Applications

The following are the list of applications of nickel 200 alloy:

• Synthetic fibers
• Food processing equipment
• Drums to transport chemicals
• Rocket motors
• Piping and equipment used in conjunction with alkalis
• Handling of foods
• Aerospace and missile components

---